Rhamnus alaternus (Italian Buckthorn)
			CHARACTER: Evergreen; irregular upright form; dense canopy. SIZE: Medium (Height: 20-35'; Spread: 20'). GROWTH RATE: Fast. FOLIAGE: Medium to dark green, serrated, glossy, oval leaves 1-2" long. FLOWER/FRUIT/BARK: Inconspicuous yellow/cream flowers, bloom April-May. Dark red, round fruits _" diameter. Rough, light gray bark. MONTHLY WATERING NEEDS: In general, 15-20 gallons per week for the first 2 years; 15-20 gallons twice a month for the 3rd year; as needed after 3 years (varies by soil, sun, and wind conditions). TREE CARE: Low. Early pruning needed to train a good shape; pruning needed less frequently with age. TOLERANCES: Drought (once established), poor drainage; gusty, steady, or cold winds; fog, smog, extreme temperatures. Sun or shade. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS: None. NOTABLE TRAITS: Native to Mediterranean region. Tough, low-maintenance street tree. Appropriate beneath overhead wires. Attracts birds. ALTERNATE FORMS: Related to R. californica, coffeeberry, a shrub native to California and SW Oregon.